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The National Monument on Dam Square (Dutch: ''Nationaal Monument'' or ''Nationaal Monument op de Dam''), Amsterdam, is a 1956 World War II monument in the Netherlands. A national Remembrance of the Dead ceremony is held at the monument every year on 4 May to commemorate the casualties of World War II and subsequent armed conflicts.〔("Amsterdam, Nationaal Monument op de Dam", Nationaal Comité 4 en 5 mei ) (Dutch)〕〔("Nationaal Monument op de Dam", Buitenbeelden in Amsterdam (Dutch) )〕 == Design == The monument was designed by Dutch architect J.J.P. Oud, and the monument's sculptures are by John Rädecker and his sons Han and Jan Willem Rädecker. The reliefs are by the sculptor Paul Grégoire.〔〔 The central element of the monument is a concrete conical pillar in height, covered entirely by white travertine stone. On the front of the pillar is a relief entitled ''De Vrede'' ("Peace"), consisting of four chained male figures, representing the suffering endured during the war. To either side of these central figures are two male sculptures representing members of the Dutch resistance, the left figure symbolizing the resistance by the intelligentsia and the right figure symbolizing the resistance by the working classes. Weeping dogs are at their feet, representing suffering and loyalty. Above the central relief is a sculpture of a woman with a child in her arms and doves flying around her, representing victory, peace, and new life. A relief of the back side of the pillar shows doves ascending into the sky, symbolizing the liberation.〔〔 The monument is placed on a series of concentric rings, forming steps up to the monument. In front of the monument, on either side, are two sculptures of lions on circular pedestals, symbolizing the Netherlands. A semicircular wall surrounds the back side of the monument. The wall contains eleven urns with soil from World War II execution grounds and war cemeteries in each of the Dutch provinces.〔The Netherlands had 11 provinces until Flevoland in 1986 became the 12th province〕 Three years later, a twelfth urn was added with soil from the Dutch East Indies, present-day Indonesia.〔〔 The pillar carries an inscription in Latin: ''Hic ubi cor patriae monumentum cordibus intus'' ''quod gestant cives spectet ad astra dei.'' (freely translated: "Here, where the heart of the fatherland is, may this monument, which citizens carry in their heart, gaze at God's stars") The wall behind the pillar also carries a Dutch-language inscription, a text by the poet Adriaan Roland Holst. On the back side of the wall is an inscription of a verse of Dutch poetry by Anthonie Donker, a pseudonym of N.A. Donkersloot.〔〔 File:Amsterdam - Lion's statue - Head.jpg|One of the two lion sculptures at the National Monument File:Dam Monument, right-hand man.jpg|The right-hand figure, symbolizing the resistance of the working classes 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Monument (Amsterdam)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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